1. Clear the area of weeds, stones, debris, and old grass or turf as needed.
2. Loosen the topsoil (about 1–2 cm) to help seed-to-soil contact.
3. Rake to create a fine, level surface with no large clods.
4. If your soil is poor, you might mix in a light top dressing of sandy loam or a seed-starting soil to give the new seedlings a boost.
5. Firm the surface gently (e.g. by walking over it or using a roller) so seed isn’t buried too deeply but sits in good contact.

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